The State of the Art and New Insight into Combined Finite–Discrete Element Modelling of the Entire Rock Slope Failure Process

The stability of rock slopes is significance, as even the slightest slope failure can result in damage to infrastructure and catastrophes for human beings. Thus, this article focuses on review current techniques available analysis. be classified conventional methods numerical methods. advantages limitations method are briefly reviewed. mainly included three types, i.e., continuum methods, discontinuum combined/hybrid continuum–discontinuum This pays more attention last type. finite–discrete element (FDEM), which might most widely used method, introduced we illustrated its abilities modelling entire process. fundamental principles FDEM, contact interaction discrete bodies transition from discontinuum, detail. FDEM process calibrated by typical Then, application analysis discussed. Finally, authors give insight into GPGUP-parallelized high implementation strength reduction (SRM). It concluded that effectively model process, without implantation any modes, a promising tool study stabilities.